Глагол to be (быть, находиться)
Главная » Подготовка по английскому языку » Глагол to be (быть, находиться)
Формы глагола «to be» во временах Simple (Indefinite)
Функции и перевод глагола to be
Примечание: В пункте 6 подлежащее в предложении обычно выражается словами: task, duty, aim, purpose, goal, target и другими.
Упражнение 1. Переведите на русский язык.
1. They were at home last night. 2. He is a well known scientist. 3. They are to leave Moscow tonight. 4. The children were walking down the street. 5. She is an experienced teacher. 6. The letter will be posted at once. 7. He is in Kiev now. 8. We were to take part in the debates that day. 9. The letter was written by the secretary. 10. They were to have arrived at seven o’clock. 11. The purpose of his visit was to negotiate for the purchase of timber.
Упражнение 2.
a) Выберите нужную форму вспомогательного глагола.
1. This plant … reconstructed only 5 years ago. (will be, is, does, was) 2. Our country … produce many more automobiles in 10 years. (does, is, will, shall) 3. These new problems … not much worked at now. (will be, are, do, were)
b) Укажите предложение, в котором глагол to be выражает долженствование
1. These experiments are of great importance. 2. These experiments are to help us in our work. 3. The students are conducting an experiment now.
Упражнение 3. Переведите на английский язык, употребляя глагол "to be” в Present или Past Simple.
1. Погода была прекрасная. Было тепло и солнечно. Это было в мае. 2. Я студент. 3. Мы в парке. 4. Она не была больна. 5. Я была счастлива. 6. Он летчик. 7. Она доктор. 8. Там было много красивых цветов. 9. Мои дети были в школе. 10. Я дома.
Упражнение 4. Вставьте глагол "to be” в Present, Past или Future Simple.
1. The students … in the Russian Museum. 2. Last month they … in the Hermitage. There … an interesting exhibition there. 3. In two weeks they … in the Tretyakov Gallery. They … lucky. 4. My father … a teacher. 5. He … a pupil twenty years ago. 6. I … a doctor when I grow up. 7. My sister … not … at home tomorrow. 8. … you … at home tomorrow? 8. Yesterday we … at the theatre. 9. My friend … in Astana now. 10. When I come home tomorrow, all my family … at home.
Упражнение 5. Вставьте глагол "to be” в Present, Past или Future Simple.
Ronald Frank … a managing director of the First Bank of Kingsville on Main Street. He … always on a business trip. Yesterday he … in Geneva. Tomorrow he … in London. Last week he … in Chicago. Next week he … in New Orleans. At the moment he … in Amsterdam. In two hours he … in the Hague. Three days ago he … in Paris. At the end of his trip he … usually very tired but happy. He … with his family now. His sons … so much excited. They have got new toys from their father. Everybody in the family … very glad to see him at home again.
Упражнение 6. Переведите на английский язык, употребляя глагол "to be” в Present, Past или Future Simple.
1. Вчера они были в библиотеке. 2. Сейчас они в школе. 3. Завтра они будут в театре. 4. В данный момент его здесь нет. 5. В воскресенье он будет на концерте. 6. Он был на стадионе в прошлую субботу? 7. Мой брат сейчас в школе. 8. Мой брат был вчера в кино. 9. Ты будешь дома завтра? 10. Моя мама вчера не была на работе.
Упражнение 7. Прочитайте текст, переведите его и обратите внимание на многообразие функций глагола to be.
Mr. White is a transport planner. Among other things his work is to develop future transport systems. This is a very difficult task, because there is too little scientific information on this subject. He is to find answers to questions such as:
- Why are some people fond of cars while others are inclined to walk?
- What are the reasons for some people using airplanes?
- Are people going to use bicycles instead of cars? Questions like these are not easy to answer.
Формы глагола «to be» во временах Simple (Indefinite)
| Present | Past | Future |
|
Singular | ||
| I - am you - are he, she, it - is |
I - was you - were he, she, it - was |
I - shall/will be you - will be he, she, it - will be |
|
Plural | ||
| we, you, they - are | we, you, they - were | we - shall/will be you, they - will be |
Функции и перевод глагола to be
| BE | Функции | Перевод | Примеры |
| 1. be + V ing | 1. вспомог. глагол | 1. не переводится | 1. He is reading a book. – Он читает книгу. |
| 2. be + V ing | 2. глагол-связка | 2. не переводится, быть, являться, это | 2. His favourite occupation is reading.- Его любимое занятие – чтение. |
| 3. be + Ved (3fV) | 3. вспомог. глагол | 3. не переводится, быть | 3. This house was built in 1980. – Этот дом был построен в 1980. |
|
4. be+существ. прилагат. |
4. глагол-связка | 4. не переводится, быть | 4. She is a doctor. – Она – врач. The morning was warm. – Утро было теплым. It was she. – Это была она. I am against it. – Я против этого. |
| 5. be+наречие предлог+существ |
5. смысловой глагол | 5. быть, существовать, находиться; не переводится | 5. They will be at home at 6 o’clock. – Они будут дома в 6. Your sister was there when I came.-Твоя сестра была там, когда я пришел. They are in the bedroom. – Они в спальне. |
| 6. be+to+V | 6. глагол-связка | 6. быть; состоять в том, чтобы; заклю-чаться в том, что-бы; не переводится | 6. Your task is to help them at once. – Твоя задача – помочь им немедленно. |
| 7. be+to+V | 7. модальный глагол | 7. должен, предстоит | 7. The train is to arrive at 5. – Поезд должен прибыть в 5. |
Примечание: В пункте 6 подлежащее в предложении обычно выражается словами: task, duty, aim, purpose, goal, target и другими.
Упражнение 1. Переведите на русский язык.
1. They were at home last night. 2. He is a well known scientist. 3. They are to leave Moscow tonight. 4. The children were walking down the street. 5. She is an experienced teacher. 6. The letter will be posted at once. 7. He is in Kiev now. 8. We were to take part in the debates that day. 9. The letter was written by the secretary. 10. They were to have arrived at seven o’clock. 11. The purpose of his visit was to negotiate for the purchase of timber.
Упражнение 2.
a) Выберите нужную форму вспомогательного глагола.
1. This plant … reconstructed only 5 years ago. (will be, is, does, was) 2. Our country … produce many more automobiles in 10 years. (does, is, will, shall) 3. These new problems … not much worked at now. (will be, are, do, were)
b) Укажите предложение, в котором глагол to be выражает долженствование
1. These experiments are of great importance. 2. These experiments are to help us in our work. 3. The students are conducting an experiment now.
Упражнение 3. Переведите на английский язык, употребляя глагол "to be” в Present или Past Simple.
1. Погода была прекрасная. Было тепло и солнечно. Это было в мае. 2. Я студент. 3. Мы в парке. 4. Она не была больна. 5. Я была счастлива. 6. Он летчик. 7. Она доктор. 8. Там было много красивых цветов. 9. Мои дети были в школе. 10. Я дома.
Упражнение 4. Вставьте глагол "to be” в Present, Past или Future Simple.
1. The students … in the Russian Museum. 2. Last month they … in the Hermitage. There … an interesting exhibition there. 3. In two weeks they … in the Tretyakov Gallery. They … lucky. 4. My father … a teacher. 5. He … a pupil twenty years ago. 6. I … a doctor when I grow up. 7. My sister … not … at home tomorrow. 8. … you … at home tomorrow? 8. Yesterday we … at the theatre. 9. My friend … in Astana now. 10. When I come home tomorrow, all my family … at home.
Упражнение 5. Вставьте глагол "to be” в Present, Past или Future Simple.
Ronald Frank … a managing director of the First Bank of Kingsville on Main Street. He … always on a business trip. Yesterday he … in Geneva. Tomorrow he … in London. Last week he … in Chicago. Next week he … in New Orleans. At the moment he … in Amsterdam. In two hours he … in the Hague. Three days ago he … in Paris. At the end of his trip he … usually very tired but happy. He … with his family now. His sons … so much excited. They have got new toys from their father. Everybody in the family … very glad to see him at home again.
Упражнение 6. Переведите на английский язык, употребляя глагол "to be” в Present, Past или Future Simple.
1. Вчера они были в библиотеке. 2. Сейчас они в школе. 3. Завтра они будут в театре. 4. В данный момент его здесь нет. 5. В воскресенье он будет на концерте. 6. Он был на стадионе в прошлую субботу? 7. Мой брат сейчас в школе. 8. Мой брат был вчера в кино. 9. Ты будешь дома завтра? 10. Моя мама вчера не была на работе.
Упражнение 7. Прочитайте текст, переведите его и обратите внимание на многообразие функций глагола to be.
Mr. White is a transport planner. Among other things his work is to develop future transport systems. This is a very difficult task, because there is too little scientific information on this subject. He is to find answers to questions such as:
- Why are some people fond of cars while others are inclined to walk?
- What are the reasons for some people using airplanes?
- Are people going to use bicycles instead of cars? Questions like these are not easy to answer.