Предлоги, обозначающие отношения, выражаемые в русском языке падежными окончаниями:
of (родительный падеж) - The book of the boy was open.
to, for (дательный, родительный падежи) - She showed her pen to the boy (him).
This is for him.
by, with (творительный падеж)- The letter is written by the boy (him).
He is writing with the pencil.
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Pretexts of direction and motion | |||||
| in | в | at | в, на | to | к, в |
| inside | внутри | in | в, через | into | в |
| at | у | by | к | out of | из |
| on | на | on | в, по | from | от |
| in front of | перед | till | до | towards | к |
| behind | позади, за | until | до | across | через |
| between | между | since | с | along | по, вдоль |
| beside | рядо, возле | for | на, в течении | up | на, вверх |
| near | около, вблизи | between | между | down | с, вниз |
| through | сквозь, через | during | во время | onto | на |
| against | к, на | before | до | off | с (с поверхности) |
| under | под | after | после | ||
| across | через | through | с...по включительно | ||
| round | вокруг | ||||
| by | у, около | ||||
| above | над | ||||
| below | ниже | ||||
| over | над, за, через | ||||
Component pretexts (Составные предлоги)
Наиболее употребительные существительные с предлогами
Наиболее употребительные глаголы с предлогами
Упражнение 1.
Вставьте предлоги on, in или into.
1. There are many people … the park today.
2. There is a girl standing … the bridge.
3. Why is she crying? – She has dropped her doll … the water.
4. We went … the garden and sat down … a bench.
5. I opened the door and went … the classroom.
6. There were two maps … the wall and some flowers … the windowsill.
7. Mother is cooking dinner … the kitchen.
8. I like to sit … the sofa … my room.
9. I saw many people … the platform waiting for the train.
10. He put his hand … his pocket, took out a letter and dropped it … the mailbox which hung … the wall of the house.
Упражнение 2.
Вставьте предлоги at или on.
1. I get up … seven o’clock or … a quarter past seven.
2. … Sunday I usually get up … nine o’clock or … half past nine.
3. My birthday is … the ninth of July.
4. The school year begins … the first of September.
5. … the twenty-fifth of December people celebrate Christmas.
6. … Wednesday I usually have a lot of homework.
7. Lev Tolstoy liked to get up … sunrise.
8. Our lessons are usually over … twenty minutes to two.
9. They returned from the wood … sunset.
10. I began writing my composition … seven o’clock and finished only … midnight.
Упражнение 3.
Вставьте предлоги with или by.
1. He was taken to hospital … an ambulance.
2. He was treated … very effective drugs.
3. He was cured … a very skillful doctor.
4. He wrote his letter … a pencil.
5. He was scolded … his mother.
6. The boy cut his finger … a knife.
7. The boat was carried … the waves into the open sea.
8. The teacher was pleased … our work.
9. America was discovered … Columbus.
10. We eat soup … a spoon.
Упражнение 4.
Вставьте предлоги, где необходимо.
1. We tried to speak … him, but he did not want to listen … us. He did not even look … us and did not answer … our questions.
2. Your brother complains … you. He says you always laugh … him, never speak … him and never answer … his questions.
3. When I entered … the room, everybody looked … me with surprise: they had not waited … me.
4. At the end … the street she turned … the corner, walked … the bus stop and began waiting … the bus.
5. My mother is afraid … rats.
6. "What do you complain … ? asked the doctor.
7. Don’t enter … the room.
8. Wait … me. I’ll be back … a minute.
9. Yesterday the teacher spoke … us about the architecture … St. Petersburg.
10. … nine o’clock the lecturer entered … the hall, walked up … the table, put his bag … it, looked … everybody and began his lecture. The lecture, as all the lectures … this professor, was very interesting, and the students listened … him attentively.
Упражнение 5.
Переведите на английский язык.
1. Пройдите по этому коридору, заверните за угол в конце коридора и войдите в первую комнату.
2. Через пять минут все сидели за столом и слушали бабушку.
3. Он смотрел на лодки, плывущие по реке.
4. В прошлом году мы путешествовали по Европе.
5. Он шел по улице и смотрел на лица прохожих.
6. Собака подбежала к реке, прыгнула в воду, переплыла реку и вбежала в лес.
7. Они бродили по городу с рассвета до заката, говорили со многими людьми, смотрели на прекрасные дворцы и памятники. Вечером они вернулись в гостиницу усталые, но довольные.
8. Иди по этой дорожке через поле и через лес, и через два-три часа ты подойдешь к реке.
9.Я не слышал эту песню с прошлой зимы.
10. Мы окончим университет через несколько лет.
