Артикль является определителем существительного, своего значения не имеет.
Неопределенный артикль (the Indefinite Article) a/an произошел от числительного one и иногда переводится на русский язык «один» (например, a thousand - одна тысяча).
Определенный артикль (the Definite Article) the произошел от указательного местоимения this и иногда переводится на русский язык «этот (эта, это)» (например: Look at the man! - Посмотри на этого человека!).
A/an используется только с исчисляемыми существительными в единственном числе.
The – с неисчисляемыми и исчисляемыми существительными как в единственном, так и во множественном числе
Опущение артиклей
| 1. В заголовках газет | Hotel fire disaster. – Ущерб от пожара в отеле. |
| 2. В газетном стиле | Film star Britt Ekland…, war hero Douglas Bader…- Звезда кино Бритт Икланд…, герой войны Дуглас Бейдер… |
| 3. В списках | Meat, eggs, sugar… - мясо, яйца, сахар… |
| 4. В инструкциях | Cut along dotted line. – Разрежьте по линии. |
| 5. В надписях | Lift out of order – Лифт не работает. |
| 6. В толковании слова в словарях | Filling: material used to fill cavity in tooth. – Пломба: материал используемый для наполнения полости в зубе. |
Упражнение 1.
Употребите артикль a или an.
1. … officer;
2. … young officer;
3. … year;
4. … incident;
5. … funny incident;
6. … artist;
7. … great artist;
8. … hour;
9. … happy hour;
10. … idea;
11. … bright idea;
12. … university;
13. … open university;
14. … famous opera;
15. … elephant;
16. … airport;
17. … fast auto;
18. … plane;
19. … engineer;
20. … kind angle.
Упражнение 2.
Вставьте неопределенный артикль, где необходимо.
1. This is… book. It is my … book.
2. I have … sister. My …sister is … doctor.
3. They have … dog and two … cats.
4. There is … little brown coffee table in our … room.
5. My … sister is at … work.
6. There are … beautiful trees in our … park.
7. What … nice day today!
8. It is such … difficult task.
9. My … mother keeps… house.
10. We usually have … lunch at 12.
Упражнение 3.
Вставьте определенный артикль, где необходимо.
1. Bill Robins was … richest man in … village.
2. … Moscow is situated on … Moscow River.
3. … Altay Mountains are … higher than … Urals.
4. In what country is … Washington … capital?
5. … Caucasus separates … Black Sea from … Caspian Sea.
6. I was at … cinema yesterday.
7. … Africa is … very large continent lying to … south of … Europe and … south-west of … Asia.
8. … room 25 is on … third floor.
9. Don’t drink … milk, it is very cold.
10. … article is at … bottom of … front page.
Упражнение 4.
Вставьте артикли, где необходимо. Объясните их употребление.
1. … fortnight consists of fourteen … days.
2. This … song is … great hit.
3. … hungry man is … angry man.
4. He is not … pilot.
5. There is … big box of cereal to … right of you.
6. Did you have … good time in … country?
7. What … fool I was to throw away such … lot of money.
8. She is … teacher. She is … good teacher. She is … teacher of our school. She is … teacher of English. Here is … teacher, ask her about … question which interests you.
Упражнение 5.
Вставьте артикли, где необходимо.
1. Pass me … bread, please.
2. Put … kettle on … fire.
3. How much is … dictionary? Is it … expensive book?
4. Where are … children? – They’ve gone for … walk.
5. Is … water filtered? Can I use it?
6. May I have … look at … ring, please?
7. Young people like to walk in … centre of … Moscow.
8. … Detroit is … sixth largest city in … USA.
9. … Hermitage is … richest museum in … Russia.
10. Meet Mike. He is … man I told you about.
Упражнение 6.
Вставьте артикли, где необходимо.
… Oxford is situated in … south of … England, about fifty miles … north – west of … London. The oldest university in … United Kingdom is situated in Oxford on … Thames. It was founded in the thirteenth century. The oldest university in … Europe is … University of Bologna in … Italy, founded in the eleventh century. The second oldest is … University of Salamanca in … Spain, founded in 1218, the third oldest in the world is … Oxford University.
Упражнение 7.
Вставьте артикли, где необходимо.
1. People in … East live longer than in … West.
2. There are ozone holes in … atmosphere of … Earth.
3. … moon hung low in … sky.
4. I feel in harmony with … Universe.
5. He was on an expedition to … North Pole.
6. If you go to … North you’ll find a fortune, if you go to … South you’ll lose everything.
7. When the ship reached … equator everybody had … swim in … ocean.
8. … World Service was organized many years ago.
Упражнение 8.
Вставьте артикли, где необходимо.
1. … old forget, … young don’t know.
2. Bali is a heaven where … famous, … rich and … privileged go for a holiday.
3. … Scandinavians are much of merchants: … Swedish produce all the materials, … Norwegians transport them, and … Danish sell them.
4. Is the weather changing for … worse? – I hope not.
5. … unemployed cannot be expected to live on the savings.
6. … black and … white are her favorite colors.
7. Only … wealthy can have the luxury of doing nothing.
8. … past can’t be helped! It’s … present and … future we should think of.
Упражнение 9.
Вставьте артикли, где необходимо.
1. They always stay at … Coral Sands Hotel when they come to … Sidney.
2. Excuse me, how can I get to … Natural History Museum?
3. Does this bus go to … Sheremetyeve Airport? – Yes, it does.
4. Who built … St. Basil’s Cathedral?
5. … Buckingham Palace, … Trafalgar Square, … House of Parliament, … Tower of London, … Tower Bridge, … National Gallery are the usual sights in … English capital.
6. The capital of … Republic of San – Marino is … San – Marino.
7. … Statue of … Liberty is a gift from … French people to … American people. It stands on … Liberty Island in … New York Harbour.
8. About 190 states are members of … United Nations Organization.
Упражнение 10.
Используйте, где необходимо, определенный артикль с именами собственными.
1. United Arab Emirates.
2. Kilimanjara.
3. Indian Ocean.
4. South Pole.
5.St. Jame’s Park.
6. Art Theatre.
7. Kara – Kum.
8. Lake Chad.
9. Sudan.
10. Republican Party.
11. Middle East.
12. Eiffel Tower.
13. Nobel Prize.
14. Roman Empire.
15. National Association of Techers.
16. Village of Sosnovka.
17. Central Asia.
18. Suez Canal.
19. Arctic Circle.
20. Urals.
Упражнение 11.
Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.
1. Which is taller - … Eiffel Tower or … Big Ben?
2. After … school they had … lunch. After … lunch they went for … walk.
3. We walked along … street, in … direction of … church.
4. There was … small moon racing through … clouds.
5. Pamela was buying … fruit at … market when … man stole her purse.
6. … price of … coffee is rising … year by … year.
7. Tom told … truth but … girl didn’t believe … word of it . … truth was too bitter.
8. I got … good mark for … test which I wrote on … second day of … school.
9. … Bristol Hotel, founded at … end of … 19th century, is located opposite … Opera House in … Vienna.
10. … Dean needn’t finish … work if he is in … hurry. … report can wait.
11. … Basques, … small ethnic group, live in … Pyreness Mountains in … northern Spain and … south – western France.
12. … motto of … festival held by … Cambridge University Press in Moscow in … State Library for … Children was: "Discover … World Through … English.”
13. He took … step forward, smiled … quiet smile and without … word kissed her.
14. I must say … girl has … sense of … humour, as well as … common sense.
15. His name is on … top of my tongue. It’ll come to me in … moment.